That's why I said supposedly. Therefore I give a peer-reviewed journal article more credibility than joe-blow's snake oil miracle cure secrets book for only $19.95.
I'm still curious to hear specifics about the exercises and how they make sense, in regards to cases (1) and (2) above, and also "sunning with eyes closed". While your trusted sources may have some very useful contributions in nutrition and other fields, I think they're plain wrong in these eye-related cases.
The stuff done by Lederer in the article are normal binocular vision stuff done by a few people (few because of its time-consuming and poorly financially-rewarding nature).
The stuff suggested by Bates (MD) is bogus. His stuff is from 1919! I think that the collective body of work of eye doctors in the 86 years since then may deserve a bit more credibility? There are much more precise techniques for measuring and experimenting with the eye and optical systems, such as better lens manufacturing, lasers, MRI, better controlled studies.
3)Astigmatism is not caused by posture or head tilting. Some kids have head tilts just by habit. Others, that have eye muscle problems that cause diplopia in straight-ahead position will tilt their head to relieve the diplopia, but this has nothing to do with astigmatism. Astigmatism is cause by defects in the corneal shape or the intraocular lens. Eye length also contributes to refractive error.
4) Palming flattens out the cornea momentarily at best and is not a permanent cure, and doubtfully even effective.
5) I don't see any use of sunning. How does this help? Sure illumination is useful for people who have trouble seeing, but exposure to excessive amounts of sunlight also carries increased exposure to UV, which causes damage, just like it does to the rest of your skin. It can cause cataracts and pterygium. This has been documented in studies of communities where there were people who worked on the water (which reflects sunlight) a lot, like fishermen.